Home/Blog/How Unicode works
How Unicode works

Why Your Font Breaks on Instagram and TikTok

Empty boxes, missing letters, text that reverts to plain — every one of these has a specific cause. Here is what each symptom means and how to avoid it.

Styled text usually works. When it does not, the failure is rarely random — each symptom has a specific cause, and once you can read the symptom you know which fix applies.

Symptom: empty boxes

You paste your bio and some characters show as or a question mark in a diamond.

Cause: the device has no glyph for that character. Every device carries a set of fonts, and between them they cover most of Unicode — but not all of it. When a character falls outside what is installed, the system draws a placeholder box instead. This is usually called tofu.

Nothing is broken. The text is intact and will copy and paste correctly. It simply cannot be drawn on that particular device.

Fix: use more common characters. The heavily decorated styles — rare accents, unusual scripts, symbols added to Unicode in the last few years — are where this happens. Bold, italic, script, small caps, and monospace are supported essentially everywhere.

Worth knowing: tofu is device-specific, so your bio can look perfect on your phone and broken on your friend’s. Older Android devices are the most common place to see it.

Symptom: some letters styled, some plain

You type café in a script style and get 𝓬𝓪𝓯é — the é stayed ordinary.

Cause: the styled alphabets in Unicode only cover A–Z, a–z, and 0–9. That is 62 characters. Accented letters, Cyrillic, Greek, punctuation, and spaces have no styled equivalent to map to, so a generator passes them through unchanged rather than substituting something that does not match.

Fix: none needed, and none really possible — the characters do not exist. If the mismatch bothers you, choose a style where the plain characters look less out of place, or rephrase to avoid the accent.

Symptom: numbers stay plain

You style class of 2026 and the letters change but the digits do not.

Cause: the same coverage problem, narrower. Unicode never defined italic, script, or fraktur digits. Bold, monospace, double-struck, sans, circled, and fullwidth all have their own 0–9 characters, so numbers convert in those. In the others there is genuinely nothing to convert to.

Fix: if the numbers matter visually, pick a style from the group that has them.

Symptom: text reverts to plain when saved

You paste, save, reopen, and it is ordinary text again.

Cause: the platform normalised it. Some fields — usernames especially — run input through a filter that strips anything outside a permitted set. Instagram’s @username field accepts letters, numbers, periods, and underscores; Roblox usernames accept letters, numbers, and a single underscore. Styled characters do not survive either.

Fix: use the display name field instead. Almost every platform has a separate display name that accepts far more than the handle does.

Symptom: the text looks different on someone else’s phone

Not broken, just not identical.

Cause: each device draws Unicode with whatever font it has. The same script character is rendered slightly differently by Apple, Google, and Microsoft, and emoji vary much more — artwork, colour, and expression all shift between platforms.

Fix: nothing to fix, but test before committing to something important. Paste your bio into a message and look at it on a second device.

Symptom: alignment looks off

Combining marks — strikethroughs, overlays, accents stacked on letters — are drawn as a second character positioned on top of the first. Different devices position that mark differently, so slight misalignment is normal for those styles specifically.

Some platforms also limit how many combining marks they accept, because stacking enough of them can push text out of its line. If your text saves but comes back shortened, that filter is the reason.

The general rule

The more unusual the characters, the more places they can fail. There is a real trade-off between distinctive and dependable, and it is worth choosing deliberately:

  • Most reliable: bold, italic, small caps, monospace, sans
  • Reliable enough: script, fraktur, double-struck, fullwidth, circled
  • Check before relying on it: combining-mark styles, rare symbol wraps, anything with an unusual script in it

You can see which is which by scrolling the generator — the plainer styles sit near the top, and the style categories group them by how heavy the decoration gets.

Put it into practice

Type your text into the generator, add a symbol, or start from a bio that is already written.